Kumva infashanyo yo Kumva (HAC) bivuga guhuza terefone igendanwa nubufasha bwo kumva iyo bikoreshejwe icyarimwe. Kubantu benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ibikoresho byo kumva nibikoresho byingenzi mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Nyamara, iyo bakoresheje terefone zabo, akenshi usanga bakorerwa interineti ya electronique, bikavamo kumva cyangwa urusaku rudasobanutse. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ubuziranenge (ANSI) cyashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibizamini hamwe n’ibisabwa kugira ngo HAC ihuze n’ibikoresho bifasha kumva.
Muri Amerika, abantu barenga miliyoni 37.5 bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva. Muri bo, abantu bagera kuri 25% bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 65 na 74 bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva, naho 50% by'abasaza bafite imyaka 75 no hejuru yayo bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva neza. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko abo baturage bafite serivisi z’itumanaho ku buryo bungana kandi bakaba bashobora gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa ku isoko, komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yashyize ahagaragara umushinga wo kugisha inama, iteganya kugera ku 100% by’imfashanyo yo kumva. (HAC) kuri terefone zigendanwa.
HAC ni ijambo ryinganda ryagaragaye bwa mbere mu mpera za za 70. Bumwe mu buryo bwo gukora bwifashishwa mu kwumva bushingiye kuri ibi, ni ukuvuga ko guhinduranya magnetiki yumurongo wibice byijwi rya terefone bizatera ibyuma byumva kubyara voltage iterwa. Ibi byatanze uburyo bwo gupima HAC. Ikizamini cya HAC gisobanura ibyingenzi bya elegitoroniki yo gusubiza ibyakozwe na terefone igendanwa. Niba umurongo udakwiranye nagasanduku, byerekana ko terefone idakwiriye kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva.
Mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, byavumbuwe ko ibimenyetso bya radiyo kuri terefone igendanwa byari bikomeye, ibyo bikaba byahagarika ibimenyetso byatewe n’ibikoresho by’amajwi bifasha kumva. Kubwibyo, itsinda ryamashyaka atatu (abakora terefone zidafite umugozi, abakora infashanyo zumva, nabantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva) baricaye hamwe bategura hamwe bategura IEEE C63.19, isobanura neza ingaruka zogupima ibice byumurongo wa radiyo, ikizamini cya electromagnetic yibikoresho bidafite umugozi ( muriki kibazo, terefone zigendanwa), nibindi, harimo ibimenyetso, ibyifuzo byibyuma, intambwe zo kugerageza, insinga, amahame yo kugerageza, nibindi.
1. Ibisabwa bya FCC kubikoresho byose byifashishwa muri Amerika:
Komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho (FCC) muri Amerika isaba ko guhera ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2023, ibikoresho byose bya terefone bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na ANSI C63.19-2019 (ni ukuvuga HAC 2019).
Ugereranije na verisiyo ishaje ya ANSI C63.19-2011 (HAC 2011), itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yibi byombi hiyongereyeho ibisabwa byo gupima amajwi mubipimo bya HAC 2019. Kugenzura amajwi kugenzura ibintu birimo cyane cyane kugoreka, gusubiza inshuro, no kunguka amasomo. Ibisabwa bijyanye nuburyo bwo gupima bigomba kwerekeza kuri ANSI / TIA-5050-2018
2.Ni ibihe bintu bikubiye mu kizamini cya HAC kugirango bifashe kumva?
Igeragezwa rya HAC kubijyanye no gufashanya kwumva mubisanzwe harimo ibizamini bya RF hamwe na T-Coil. Ibi bizamini bigamije gusuzuma urugero rwivanga rya terefone zigendanwa ku bikoresho bifasha kumva kugira ngo abakoresha imfashanyo zumva bashobora kubona uburambe bwo kumva neza kandi butabangamiye igihe witaba telefoni cyangwa ukoresheje indi mirimo y’amajwi.
Icyemezo cya FCC
Ukurikije ibisabwa biheruka gusabwa na ANSI C63.19-2019, hongeweho ibisabwa kugirango Igenzura ryijwi ryiyongere. Ibi bivuze ko ababikora bakeneye kwemeza ko terefone itanga amajwi akwiye murwego rwo kwumva abakoresha infashanyo yo kumva kugirango bumve amajwi yumvikana neza. Ibisabwa mu gihugu kubipimo bya HAC:
Amerika (FCC): FCC eCR Igice 20.19 HAC
Kanada (ISED): RSS-HAC
Ubushinwa: YD / T 1643-2015
3.Ku ya 17 Mata 2024, amahugurwa ya TCB yavuguruye ibisabwa HAC:
1) Igikoresho gikeneye kugumana imbaraga nyinshi zohereza mumatwi kuburyo bwamatwi.
2) U-NII-5 isaba kugerageza umurongo umwe cyangwa nyinshi kuri 5.925GHz-6GHz.
3) Ubuyobozi bwigihe gito kumurongo wa 5GNR FR1 muri KDB 285076 D03 bizakurwaho muminsi 90; Nyuma yo kuvanwaho, birakenewe gufatanya na sitasiyo fatizo (ikeneye gushyigikira imikorere ya VONR) kugirango igerageze kwerekana HAC yubahiriza 5GNR, harimo nibisabwa kugenzura amajwi.
4) Terefone zose za HAC zigomba gutangaza no gushyira mu bikorwa Waiver PAG ukurikije inyandiko isonewe Waiver DA 23-914.
Laboratwari ya BTF, isosiyete yacu ifite laboratoire ihuza amashanyarazi, amabwiriza yumutekano Laboratoire, Laboratoire idafite umurongo wa Laboratoire, Laboratoire ya laboratoire, Laboratoire y’imiti, Laboratoire ya SAR, Laboratoire ya HAC, nibindi. Twabonye impamyabumenyi nuburenganzira nka CMA, CNAS, CPSC, A2LA, VCCI, nibindi. Isosiyete yacu ifite itsinda ryinzobere mubuhanga bwa tekinike yubuhanga, rishobora gufasha ibigo gukemura ikibazo. Niba ufite ibizamini bikenewe hamwe nimpamyabumenyi, urashobora guhamagara abakozi bacu bashinzwe ibizamini kugirango ubone ibiciro birambuye hamwe namakuru yizunguruka!
Icyemezo cya HAC
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2024
